Mar 28, 2016

12 Cranial Nerves and their functions

12 cards
  • Cranial nerves (Nervi craniales).

    1. The functional components of the nerve include SVA, special visceral afferent, which carries the modality of smell.Containing information about odors to the brain. Function: Sense of Smell
      Type: Sensory        ○         . . . 
      Oflactory nerve.

      1. Innervates muscles of the tongue. The nerve is involved in controlling tongue movements required for speech, food manipulation (i.e. formation of bolus), and swallowing. Function: Tongue movements
        Type: Motor        ○         . . . 
        Hypoglossal nerve
        .

        1. Motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) that innervates only a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which operates through the pulley-like trochlea.The nerve is unique among the cranial nerves. Function: Eye movements, proprioception
          Type: Motor       ○         . . . 
          Trochlear nerve
          .

          1. Nerve transmits all visual information including brightness perception, color perception and contrast. It also conducts the visual impulses that are responsible for two important neurological reflexes: the light reflex and the accommodation reflex. It conveys visual information to the brain. Function: Vision
            Type: Sensory        ○         . . . 
            Optic nerve.

            1. This is the nerve along which the sensory cells (the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain. It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying information about hearing, and the vestibular nerve, carrying information about balance. Function: Balance or equilibrium sense. Hearing.
              Type: Sensory        ○         . . . 
              Vestibulocochlear nerve
              .

              1. Provides General Somatic Efferent (GSE) innervation, functioning in motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, both of brachial lineage. Function: Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera, voice production.
                Type: Motor        ○         . . . 
                Accessory nerve
                .

                1. A single muscle – the lateral rectus, one of the muscles of oculomotion. This muscle takes its origin from the common tendinous ring, and acts to abduct the eyeball (i.e. to rotate the gaze away from the midline). Function: movements of the eyes.
                  Type: Motor       ○         . . . 
                  Abducens nerve
                  .

                  1. General somatic efferent, which innervate skeletal muscle of the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles, nerve also contains fibers that innervate the muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading). Function: Raise eyelids, move eyes, regulate the size of pupils, focus of lenses
                    Type: Motor        ○         . . . 
                    Ocolomotor nerve.

                    1. Provide tactile, proprioceptive, and nociceptive afference to the face and mouth. Its motor. Function: Sensations of the head and face, chewing movements, and muscle sense
                      Type: Mixed        ○         . . . 
                      Trigeminal nerve
                      .

                      1. It receives general somatic sensory fibers (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) from the tonsils, the pharynx, the middle ear and the posterior 1/3 of the tongue,contributes to the pharyngeal plexus. Function: Taste and other sensations of tongue, swallowing, secretion of saliva, aid in reflex control of blood pressure and respiration.
                        Type: Mixed        ○         . . . 
                        Glossopharyngeal nerve.

                        1. Motor nerve- control of all of the muscles of facial expression. It also innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, the stylohyoid muscle, and the stapedius muscle of the middle ear. Function: Facial expressions, secretion of saliva, taste.
                          Type: Mixed        ○         . . . 
                          Facial nerve
                          .

                          1. Supplies motor parasympathetic fibers to all the organs except the suprarenal (adrenal) glands, from the neck down to the second segment of the transverse colon. The vagus also controls a few skeletal muscles. Function: Transmit impulses to muscles associated with speech, swallowing, the heart, smooth muscles of visceral organs in the thorax, and abdomen
                            Type: Mixed        ○         . . . 
                            Vagus nerve
                            .

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