UNIT 119 • By and until, By the time …

Dec 20, 2016

Make sentences with ‘by’.
- I have to be at home not later than 5 o’clock.
  I have to be at home
- I have to be at the airport not later than 10.30.
  I have to be at the airport
- Let me know not later than Saturday whether you can come to the party.
  Let me know
- Please make sure that you’re here not later than 2 o’clock.
  Please make sure you’re here
- If we leave now, we should arrive not later than lunchtime.
  If we leave now, we should arrive
Complete the sentences with ‘by’ or ‘until’.
- Fred has gone away. He’ll be away . . .
  until
  Monday.
  - by
  - until
- Sorry, but I must go. I have to be at home . . .
  by
  5 o’clock.
  - by
  - until
- I’ve been offered a job. I haven’t decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide . . .
  by
  Thursday.
  - by
  - until
- I think I’ll wait . . .
  until
  Thursday before making a decision.
  - by
  - until
- It’s too late to go shopping. The shops are only open . . .
  until
  5.30. They’ll be closed now.
  - by
  - until
- I’d better pay the phone bill. It has to be paid . . .
  by
  tomorrow.
  - by
  - until
- Don’t pay the bill today. Wait . . .
  until
  tomorrow.
  - by
  - until
- A: Have you finished redecorating your house?
  B: Not yet. We hope to finish . . .
  by
  the end of the week.
  - by
  - until
- A: I’m going out now. I’ll be back at 4.30. Will you still be here?
  B: I don’t think so. I’ll probably have gone out . . .
  by
  then.
  - by
  - until
- I’m moving into my new flat next week. I’m staying with a friend . . .
  until
  then.
  - by
  - until
- I’ve got a lot of work to do. . . .
  By
  the time I finish, it will be time to go to bed.
  - By
  - Until
- If you want to do the exam, you should enter . . .
  by
  3 April.
  - by
  - until
Complete the sentences with ‘by’ or ‘until’.
- Fred is away at the moment. He’ll be away . . .
  until
  Monday.
  - by
  - until
- Fred is away at the moment. He’ll be back . . .
  by
  Monday.
  - by
  - until
- I’m just going out. I won’t be very long. Wait here . . .
  until
  I comeback.
  - by
  - until
- I’m going shopping. It’s 4.30 now. I won’t be very long. I’ll be back . . .
  by
  5 o’clock.
  - by
  - until
- If you want to apply for the job, your application must be received . . .
  by
  next Friday.
  - by
  - until
- Last night I watched TV . . .
  until
  midnight.
  - by
  - until
Read the situations and complete the sentences using ‘By the time ...’.
- Jane was invited to a party but she got there much later than she intended.
  most of the other guests had gone.
- I had to catch a train but it took me longer than expected to get to the station.
  my train had already gone.
- I saw two men who looked as if they were trying to steal a car. I called the police but it was some time before they arrived.
  the two men had disappeared.
- A man escaped from prison last night. It was a long time before the guards discovered what had happened.
  the escaped prisoner was miles away.
- I intended to go shopping after finishing my work. But I finished my work much later than expected.
  it was too late to go shopping.

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