Jun 23, 2016
- Read through the explanations.
- A | Innovation and invention
countable = you can say a / an; uncountable = you can’t say a / an
B | Development and launch
Hi, I’m Kay and I’m head of product development at Lightning Technologies. Lightning makes semiconductors, the components at the heart of every computer. I’m in charge of research and development (R&D) at our research centre (center in AmE) just outside Boston. Our laboratories are some of the most innovative in the computer industry, and we have made many new discoveries and breakthroughs.
I love technology, using scientific knowledge for practical purposes. The technology of semiconductors is fascinating. We are at the cutting edge or leading edge of semiconductor technology: none of our competitors has better products than us. Everything we do is state-of-the-art, using the most advanced techniques available.
Of course, the hi-tech products of today become the low-tech products of tomorrow. Products that are no longer up-to-date because they use old technology are obsolete. It’s my job to make sure that Lightning’s products never get into that situation.
C | Patents and intellectual property
Information or knowledge that belongs to an individual or company is proprietary. A product developed using such information may be protected in law by patents so that others cannot copy its design.
Other companies may pay to use the design under licence (license in AmE) in their own products. These payments are royalties.
In publishing, if a text, picture, etc. is copyright, it cannot be used by others without permission. Payments to the author from the publisher are royalties.
The area of law relating to patents and copyright is intellectual property.
- A | Innovation and invention
- Choose the correct forms to complete these sentences containing words from A opposite.
- 1. White came up with . . . that combined lightness and warmth.
- design
- a design
- 2. There’s an exhibition on architecture and . . . at the Museum of Modern Art.
- design
- the design
- 3. McGrew is vice president of . . . and product planning.
- a development
- development
- 4. The FDA has approved . . . for treating tooth disease, a new laser machine.
- development
- a development
- 5. Electric light was . . . which enabled people to stay up later.
- an invention
- invention
- 6. Sometimes . . . is so obvious that it is hard to believe nobody thought of it before.
- an invention
- invention
- 7. Channel Four has always encouraged experimentation and . . . in its films.
- an innovation
- innovation
- 8. He discovered . . . that has enabled him to build guitars more efficiently.
- innovation
- an innovation
- 1. White came up with . . . that combined lightness and warmth.
- Complete this presentation using words form list below.
- •development •innovative •state-of-the-art •knowledge •research •laboratories •breakthroughs •leading •technology
Hi, I’m Raj and I’m head of product at the Indian Rice Research Centre. I’m in charge of research and development at our centre in Delhi. Our are some of the most in agriculture. We have recently made some big in increasing rice production.
I love , using scientific to improve people’s lives. The technology of rice development is a good example of this.
We are at the edge of rice-growing techniques. Everything we do is , using the most advanced biological knowledge available.
- •development •innovative •state-of-the-art •knowledge •research •laboratories •breakthroughs •leading •technology
- Match the expressions from C opposite with their meaning.
- a payment to the owner of a design, or to an author — . . .
- intellectual property
- patent application
- copyright infringement
- proprietary information
- licensing agreement
- royalty payment
- an arrangement between the owner of a design and someone else, allowing them to use the design for money — . . .
- intellectual property
- royalty payment
- proprietary information
- patent application
- copyright infringement
- licensing agreement
- when someone uses another’s text, pictures, etc. without permission — . . .
- intellectual property
- copyright infringement
- patent application
- royalty payment
- proprietary information
- licensing agreement
- when an inventor asks the authorities to officially recognize an invention as his/her property — . . .
- royalty payment
- copyright infringement
- licensing agreement
- intellectual property
- proprietary information
- patent application
- designs, ideas, etc. that belong to someone — . . .
- patent application
- intellectual property
- licensing agreement
- royalty payment
- proprietary information
- copyright infringement
- the law relating to designs, ideas, etc. that belong to someone — . . .
- intellectual property
- licensing agreement
- copyright infringement
- patent application
- proprietary information
- royalty payment
- a payment to the owner of a design, or to an author — . . .
- Over to you
- For you, which is the most important invention of the last 100 years?
Which one do you wish not been invented?
- For you, which is the most important invention of the last 100 years?
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